1. Cov Ntsiab Cai
Kub aluminium extrusion: Preheat homogenized aluminium billet rau yas sib sau kub. Nyob rau hauv triaxial compressive kev nyuaj siab los ntawm extrusion xovxwm, hlau ntws los ntawm qhov tuag orifice rau daim ntawv profiles.
Core logic:Alloy Composition → Billet Microstructure → Thermo-mechanical Extrusion Parameters → Microstructure Evolution → Mechanical Properties / Dimensional Accuracy / Surface Quality
Main extrusion technologies:
Forward Kub Extrusion: Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim khoom loj
Rov qab Extrusion: Tsawg kev sib txhuam, ntau yam microstructure; dav saws rau high-end profiles
Cov Lus Cim Tseem Ceeb: Kub-kho tau 6xxx series alloys (6063 / 6061 / 6082) vam khom rau peb yam:tshuaj nyhuv ntawm extrusion tawm, on-line quenching cua txias npaum li cas, dag aging regime. 1xxx & 3xxx non-heat-treatable alloys tau txais cov khoom siv tshuab feem ntau ntawm extrusion deformation thiab ua hauj lwm hardening.
2. Ua kom tiav cov txheej txheem ntws (Full-chain Property Control)
Melting & Casting → Billet Homogenization → Billet Cua sov → Thawv & Tuag Preheating → Extrusion Forming → On-line Quenching (Air Cooling / Mist Cooling / Dej Quenching) → Traction & Cooling Table Cooling → Stretch Straightening → Cut-to-length Sawing → Artificial Aging
2.1 Pre-process: Billet Homogenization (hauv paus tswj cov khoom)
Non-homogenized billets feature casting segregation, ntxhib Mg₂Si theem thiab intergranular impurities, ua rau tsis sib xws hardness, tsawg elongation thiab anodizing xim txawv tom qab extrusion.
6063 Homogenization: 560-575 degree, tuav 4-6 h
6061 / 6082 Homogenization: 565-580 degree, tuav 6-8 teev
Tswj lub hom phiaj: Tshem tawm cov kev sib cais sib cais, yaj cov theem nrab theem nrab rau hauv matrix kom ntseeg tau tias kev ua haujlwm zoo ib yam ntawm cov khoom siv tag nrho.
2.2 Plaub qhov tseem ceeb Extrusion Kub (Coupled Control)
Qhov rai siv rau6063-T5
Kub kub: 470-510 degreeTsis tshua muaj kub: siab dua extrusion load, extrusion stall, nto tawg thiab tsis zoo weld seam zoo. Kub kub heev: Grain coarsening, overburning txaus ntshai, txo lub zog thiab nto pitting.
Extrusion Container Kub: 410-440 degreeUa kom qis dua qhov kub ntawm qhov cub kom tsis txhob muaj qhov txias txias thiab cov hlau tsis sib xws.
Tuag kub: 430-460 degreeQhov kub sib txawv loj ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov hnyav thiab tuag tawg. Tsawg tuag kub nce ndlwg tsis kam thiab ua rau nto streaks.
Profile Exit Temperature (Kev txiav txim siab kev daws teeb meem)✅ T5 yuav tsum tau: Tawm kub ntau dua los yog sib npaug li 500℃kom txaus dissolution ntawm Mg₂Si rau hauv txhuas matrix. Hauv qab 490 degree: tsis txaus cov tshuaj; hardness tsis tuaj yeem ncav cuag lub hom phiaj tom qab kev laus. Saum toj no 555 degree: Kev loj hlob sai sai ua rau lub zog degraded thiab toughness.
Advanced industrial tov:Isothermal Extrusion Control. Lub kaw lus cia li kho cov extrusion ceev raws li deformation tshav kub kom stabilize tawm kub nyob rau hauv lub hom phiaj ntau yam.
2.3 Extrusion ceev (Tshwj xeeb ua ke nrog kub)
Extrusion ceev yog hais txog ram ceev. Profile tawm ceev=Extrusion Ratio × Ram Ceev
Nyias-wall, hollow & complex cross-section: Tsawg ceev
Khoom tuab-phab ntsa profiles: siab dua tso cai
Kev nrawm dhau: Ntau dhau deformation kub, overheating, nto tawg thiab twisting. qeeb dhau: Kev poob kub hnyav, tso tawm qhov kub thiab txias tsis ua tiav.
Empirical ntau rau 6063: Khoom profile tawm ceev: 25-80 m / min Hollow porthole tuag profiles: 10-40 m / min
Cov txheej txheem khiav lag luam: qis pib nrawm → maj mam acceleration → ruaj khov extrusion → deceleration ntawm billet tail. Tsis tas li ntawd tag nrho-ceev extrusion raug txwv.
2.4 Extrusion Ratio λ
\\(λ=\\frac{Billet\\;Cross-sectional\\;Area}{Profile\\;Cross-sectional\\;Area}\\)
Li qub: λ=10-60
Tsawg λ: Tsis txaus deformation, ntxhib microstructure thiab inferior mechanical kev ua tau zoo
High λ: Nce siab extrusion siab, cracking txaus ntshai thiab hnyav tuag load
2.5 On-line Quenching (Kev ua haujlwm ciam rau T5 / T6)
Mg thiab Si atoms yaj hauv matrix ntawm qhov kub extrusion siab yuav tsum tau txias sai heev los tsim cov kua dej supersaturated, uas ua rau nag lossis daus muaj zog thaum laus.
Yam tsawg kawg nkaus qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom txias rau 6063-T5: Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 38℃/ min (txias ntawm 500℃txog 200 degree)
Cov qauv cua txias:
Cua txias: Kho kom zoo nkauj profiles, zam cov dej stains uas muaj peev xwm txias txias
Mist txias: General industrial profiles
Dej quenching (T6 txheej txheem): High-strength tuab-wall 6061 / 6082
Risk: Tsis sib npaug txias ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau ntxiv, nyuaj straightening thiab post-machining distortion.
2.6 Kev Ncaj Ncees
Pib ncab tom qab profile txias qis dua los yog sib npaug li 50 degree
Standard stretching tus nqi:0.5%-2.0%
Muaj nuj nqi: Kho khoov & twisting, ib feem tso tawm qhov kev ntxhov siab, me ntsis txhawb zog ntawm kev ua haujlwm me me
Over-stretching (>2.5%): Cov qoob loo puas, microcracks thiab poob qis hauv elongation.
2.7 Artificial Aging (Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom kawg)
Kev laus txheej txheem: Nanoscale Mg₂Si ntxiv dag zog rau theem ua ntej los ntawm cov kua dej supersaturated, txhim kho tensile lub zog, tawm los lub zog thiab hardness.
Common industrial aging cycles:
6063-T5: 175-185 degree, tuav 6-8 h
6061-T6: 160-170 degree, tuav 8-12 teev
6082-T6: 165-175 degree, tuav 7-10 h
Cov teeb meem tshwm sim:
Kev laus: Tsis txaus hardness
Tshaj-aging: Coarsened precipitates, irreversible zog txo
Kev tswj qhov yuav tsum tau ua: Lub qhov cub kub sib txawv Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li ± 5 degree. Tsis txhob ntim cov khoom hnyav kom lav cov cua kub ncig.
3. Kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov cuab yeej cuab tam thiab cov txheej txheem txheej txheem
Cov khoom tshuaj ntsuam xyuas: Qhov kawg Tensile Strength (Rm), 0.2% Offset Yield Strength (Rp0.2), Elongation (A), Vickers Hardness (HV), Residual Stress, Microstructure (grain loj, precipitates)
Tsawg zog / tsis txaus hardness ① Tsis-homogenized billets; ② Kev kub tsis txaus ua rau cov kua dej tsis zoo; ③ Tsis txaus quenching txias tus nqi; ④ Tsis tshua muaj kev laus kub lossis lub sijhawm tuav tsis txaus; ⑤ Mg & Si cov ntsiab lus ze rau qhov kev txwv qis dua.
Txaus siab rau lub zog tab sis tsis zoo elongation & brittleness ① Tshaj-siab tawm kub → grain coarsening; ② Ntau tshaj qhov ncab tus nqi; ③ Ultra-ceev txias ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau ntxiv; ④ Cov hlau tsis sib xws yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv microstructure.
Dav hardness fluctuation nyob rau hauv ib batch Loj kub gradient raws billet ntev, tsis ruaj tsis khov extrusion ceev, tsis sib xws huab cua txias, tsis tsim nyog loading layout nyob rau hauv cov laus rauv.
4. Hidden Die Influence ntawm Cov Khoom Siv Khoom
Unbalanced bearing ntev: Tsis sib npaug hlau tawm tshaj tawm → heterogeneous cross-section microstructure, kev nyuaj siab hauv zos thiab kev sib tw.
Tsis txaus vuam chamber siab rau porthole tuag: Weld weld seams tsis muaj zog, tseem ceeb anisotropy, yooj yim tawg raws weld kab nyob rau hauv load.
Uneven tuag preheating: Asymmetric kub faib ua rau sib txawv microstructure.
5. Cov Khoom Uas Tsis Zoo & Cov Khoom Sib Txuas Table
| Tsis zoo | Hauv paus txheej txheem ua | Qhov tshwm sim ntawm Kev Ua Haujlwm |
|---|---|---|
| Periodic nto cracking | Tshaj-siab extrusion ceev, kub qhov rais tawm ntawm ntau yam | Nto microcracks, degraded qaug zog kuj |
| Tsis zoo weld seam ntawm hollow profiles | Tsawg extrusion kub, tsis txaus vuam chamber siab | Tsawg transverse lub zog, kev pheej hmoo ntawm rupture nyob rau hauv siab |
| Hardness sib txawv ntawm lub taub hau & Tail ntawm profiles | Axial kub gradient ntawm billet, sib txawv tawm kub | Kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuab ua haujlwm hauv batch |
| Qhov loj distortion tom qab machining | Uneven quenching, siab residual stress | Tsis zoo dimension stability |
| Anodizing streaks / xim txawv | Cov hlau tsis sib xws, tsis sib xws lis loj | Cov tsos mob tsis tsim nyog, sib txawv corrosion kuj hauv zos |
6. Advanced Industrial Control Technologies
SCADA Cov Txheej Txheem Tag Nrho Cov Ntaub Ntawv Saib Xyuas Sau qhov kub thiab txias, tuag kub, infrared tawm kub, ram ceev, extrusion load, cua txias kiv cua; tsim parameter-hardness correlation nkhaus rau thaum ntxov abnormality ceeb toom.
Kaw-loop Isothermal Extrusion System Real-time infrared ntsuas ntawm qhov kub thiab txias; PLC dynamically kho ram ceev kom tswj tau qhov kub thiab txias ntawm qhov sib txawv thiab nqaim khoom sib txawv.
Backward Extrusion Technology Tshem tawm cov kev sib txhuam ntawm cov pob zeb thiab cov thawv; xa cov qauv microstructure thiab qis dua qhov kev ntxhov siab, haum rau lub zog tshiab & precision cov khoom siv.
Numerical Simulation (DEFORM / Altair) kwv yees qhov chaw ntws, qhov ntsuas kub thiab qhov kev ntxhov siab; optimize tuag tsim thiab txheej txheem tsis los txo cov nqi tsim khoom.
7. Rhiav Kev Tswj Xyuas Zoo
Main tswj saw: ruaj khov Alloy Composition → Stable Billet Homogenization → Stable Extrusion Kub & Ceev Matching → Stable Quenching Rate → Stable Aging Cycle
Cov khoom tsis ua hauj lwm tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim los ntawm ib qho kev txwv; nws feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm mismatched multi-process tsis. Tuning txoj cai: Stabilize qhov rais kub ua ntej, ces zoo-tune extrusion ceev. Tsis txhob blindly nce ntau lawm ceev ntawm tus nqi ntawm kev tawm kub.
